Oops concepts in python pdf

Note: For more information, refer to our Inheritance in Python tutorial. Polymorphism Polymorphism simply means having many forms.

For example, we need to determine if the given species of birds fly or not, using polymorphism we can do this using a single function. Skip to content. Change Language. Related Articles. Table of Contents. Improve Article. Save Article. Like Article. Python3 program to. Instance attribute. Python code to demonstrate how parent constructors. Output There are many types of birds. Most of the birds can fly but some cannot. There are many types of birds. Sparrows can fly. Ostriches cannot fly.

Python program to. Calling constructor of. Base class. Uncommenting print obj1. Attention geek! Strengthen your foundations with the Python Programming Foundation Course and learn the basics. Recommended Articles. Reusable piece of python functionality for wrapping arbitrary blocks of code : Python Context Managers. Python program to check if the list contains three consecutive common numbers in Python.

Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. Writing code in comment? Please use ide. Load Comments. What's New. Most popular in Python. More related articles in Python. We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Start Your Coding Journey Now! Login Register. In Python , we can easily create and use classes and objects.

An object-oriented paradigm is to design the program using classes and objects. The object is related to real-word entities such as book, house, pencil, etc. The oops concept focuses on writing the reusable code. It is a widespread technique to solve the problem by creating objects.

The class can be defined as a collection of objects. It is a logical entity that has some specific attributes and methods. For example: if you have an employee class, then it should contain an attribute and method, i. The object is an entity that has state and behavior. It may be any real-world object like the mouse, keyboard, chair, table, pen, etc. Everything in Python is an object, and almost everything has attributes and methods.

When we define a class, it needs to create an object to allocate the memory. Consider the following example. In the above example, we have created the class named car, and it has two attributes modelname and year. We have created a c1 object to access the class attribute. The c1 object will allocate memory for these values. We will learn more about class and object in the next tutorial. The method is a function that is associated with an object.

In Python, a method is not unique to class instances. Any object type can have methods. Inheritance is the most important aspect of object-oriented programming, which simulates the real-world concept of inheritance.

It specifies that the child object acquires all the properties and behaviors of the parent object. By using inheritance, we can create a class which uses all the properties and behavior of another class. The new class is known as a derived class or child class, and the one whose properties are acquired is known as a base class or parent class.

Polymorphism contains two words "poly" and "morphs". Poly means many, and morph means shape. By polymorphism, we understand that one task can be performed in different ways. For example - you have a class animal, and all animals speak. But they speak differently. Here, the "speak" behavior is polymorphic in a sense and depends on the animal.

So, the abstract "animal" concept does not actually "speak", but specific animals like dogs and cats have a concrete implementation of the action "speak".

Encapsulation is also an essential aspect of object-oriented programming. It is used to restrict access to methods and variables. In encapsulation, code and data are wrapped together within a single unit from being modified by accident. Data abstraction and encapsulation both are often used as synonyms. Both are nearly synonyms because data abstraction is achieved through encapsulation.

Abstraction is used to hide internal details and show only functionalities. Abstracting something means to give names to things so that the name captures the core of what a function or a whole program does. JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services.

Mail us on [email protected] , to get more information about given services. Please mail your requirement at [email protected] Duration: 1 week to 2 week. Python Tutorial. Next Topic Python Class and Objects. Reinforcement Learning. R Programming.